ABSTRACT
The breeding of domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for human consumption has a long tradition in China. Infections that can affect the production of meat or even be transmitted from animals to humans are important to monitor, especially for public health reasons as well as for their impact on animal health. Thus, a total of 1,132 domestic rabbit sera from 4 regions in China were collected for serological screening for Encephalitozoon cuniculi and for Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA and modified agglutination test (MAT), respectively. Antibodies to E. cuniculi were detected in 248/1,132 (21.9%) sera tested while antibodies against T. gondii revealed a seroprevalence of 51/1,132 (4.5%). We believe that the present results are of epidemiological implications and public health importance due to the acknowledged susceptibility of humans to E. cuniculi and T. gondii infections. Therefore, routine screening tests of domestic rabbits are proposed considering the zoonotic potential of these parasites.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Animals, Domestic/blood , Antibodies, Fungal/blood , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , China/epidemiology , Encephalitozoon cuniculi/immunology , Encephalitozoonosis/blood , Rabbits/blood , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/bloodABSTRACT
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidian parasite commonly found in rabbits that can infect humans, causing encephalitozoonosis. The prevalence of encephalitozoonosis is not well documented, even when many clinics suspect pet rabbits as being highly infected. This study investigated the seropositivity of E. cuniculi using ELISA. The examination of 186 rabbits using ELISA showed that 22.6% (42/186) were seropositive against E. cuniculi. In analysis with healthy status, all 42 seropositive sera were collected from clinically normal rabbits. Moreover, the gender and age of pet rabbits did not have anysignificant effect on E. cuniculi infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the seroprevalence of E. cuniculi in pet rabbits and suggests that pet rabbits could act as an important reservoir of encephalitozoonosis for both pet animals and humans in Korea.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Antibodies, Fungal/blood , Encephalitozoon cuniculi/immunology , Encephalitozoonosis/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Korea/epidemiology , Pets , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
A encefalitozoonose constitui protozoose emergente em indivíduos imunocomprometidos. Este estudo visa examinar o desenvolvimento de infecção experimental por Encephalitozoon cuniculi no sistema nervoso central de camundongos imunossuprimidos. Camundongos Balb-C adultos foram inoculados intraperitonealmente com esporos de E. cuniculi, tratados com ciclofosfamida durante o período experimental e sacrificados dos 15 aos 75 dias pós-inoculação. Fragmentos teciduais foram coletados e processados para estudos de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão. Granulomas multifocais foram vistos em todos os órgãos. Foi observada meningoencefalomielite linfocítica, difusa, não-supurativa, com degeneração e necrose neuronal, infiltração macrofágica e astrocitose reativa. Esporos de E. cuniculi foram vistos nos microgranulomas ou ocorreram sem associação com reação inflamatória. Os parasitas raramente foram notados em cortes corados com Hematoxilina-Eosina, mas eram Gram-chromotrope-positivos. Esporos e formas proliferativas foram encontrados em vacúolos parasitóforos dentro de células neurais e macrófagos. A encefalitozoonose experimental em camundongos imunossuprimidos fornece um modelo adequado para o estudo de lesões cerebrais associadas com tais protozoários no homem.